| 词汇 | Digest |
| 释义 | `1`Digest `2` "Legal Lexicon": DIGEST - The name sometimes given to the Pandects of Justinian; it is so called because this compilation is reduced to order, quasi digestiae. It is an abridgment of the decisions of the praetors and the works of the learned, and ancient writers on the law. It was made by order of the emperor Justinian, who, in 530, published an ordinance entitled De Conceptione Digestorum, which was addressed to Tribonian, and by which he was required to select some of the most distinguished lawyers to assist him in composing a collection of the best decisions of the ancient lawyers, and compile them is fifty books, without confusion or contradiction. The work was immediately commenced, and completed on the 16th of December, 533. The Digest is divided in two different ways; the first, into fifty books, each book into several titles, and each title into several laws at the head of each of them is the name of the lawyer from. whose work it was taken. The first book contains twenty-two titles; the subject of the first is De justicia et jure; of the division of person and things; of magistrates, etc. The second, divided into fifteen titles, treats of the power of magistrates and their jurisdiction; the manner of commencing suits; of agreements and compromises. The third, composed of six titles, treats of those who can and those who cannot sue; of advocates and attorneys and syndics; and of calumny. The fourth, divided into nine titles, treats of causes of restitution of submissions and arbitrations; of minors, carriers by water, innkeepers and those who have the care of the property of others. In the fifth there are six titles, which. treat of jurisdiction and inofficious testaments. The subject, of the sixth, in which there are three titles, is actions. The seventh, in nine titles, embraces whatever concerns usufructs, personal servitudes, babitations, the uses of real estate, and its appurtenances, and of the sureties required of the usufructuary. The eighth book, in six titles, regulates urban and rural servitudes. The ninth book, in four titles, explains certain personal actions. The tenth, in four titles, treats of mixed actions. The object of the eleventh book, containing eight titles, is to regulate interrogatories, the cases of which the judge was to take cognizance, fugitive slaves, of gamblers, of surveyors who made false reports, and of funerals and funeral expenses. The twelfth book, in seven titles, regulates personal actions in which the plaintiff claims the title of a thing. The thirteenth, treats of certain particular actions, in seven titles. The fourteenth, like the last, regulates certain actions: it has six titles. The fifteenth, in four titles, treats of actions for which a father or master is liable, in consequence of the acts of his children or slaves, and those to which he is entitled; of the peculium of children and slaves, and of the actions on this right. The sixteenth, in three titles, contains the law. relating to the senatus consultum velleianum, of compensation or set off, and of the action of deposit. The seventeenth, in two titles, expounds the law of mandates and partnership. The eighteenth book, in seven titles, explains the contract of sale. The nineteenth, in five titles, treats of the actions which arise on a contract of sale. The law relating to pawns, hypothecation, the preference among creditors, and subrogation, occupy the twentieth book, which contains six titles. The twenty-first book, explains under three titles, the edict of the ediles relating to the sale of slaves and animals; then what relates to evictions and warranties. The twenty-second treats of interest, profits and accessories of things, proofs, presumptions, and of ignorance of law and fact. It is divided into six titles. The twenty-third, in five titles, contains the law of marriage, and its accompanying agreements. The twenty-fourth, in three titles, regulates donations between hushand and wife, divorces, and their consequence. Go to Digest2 |
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