| 词汇 | Declaration |
| 释义 | `1`Declaration `2` "Legal Lexicon": DECLARATION -A declaration is a written statement submitted to a court in which the writer swears 'under penalty of perjury' that the contents are true. That is, the writer acknowledges that if he is lying, he may be prosecuted for perjury. Declarations are normally used in place of live testimony when the court is asked to rule on a motion. A typical declaration sets forth the factual assertions of the person signing it (called the declarant) and ends with a statement worded like this one: 'I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct, and would be my testimony if I were in a court of law.' The date and place of signing are usually included. Some states allow declarations to be used in the place of affidavits, thus avoiding a trip to the notary public. A declaration is a specification, in a methodical and logical form, of the circumstances which constitute the plaintiff's cause of action. In real actions, it is most properly called the count; in a personal one, the declaration. The latter, however, is now the general term; being that commonly used when referring to real and personal actions without distinction. The declaration in an action at law answers to the bill in chancery, the libel of the civilians, and the allegation of the ecclesiastical courts. It may be considered with reference, 1st. To those general requisites or qualities which govern the whole declaration; and 2d. To its form, particular parts, and requisites. The general requisites or quali- ties of a declaration are first, that it correspond with the process. But, according to the present practice of the courts, oyer of the writ cannot be craved; and a variance between the writ and declaration cannot be pleaded in abatement. - Secondly. The second general requisite of a declaration is, that it contain a statement of all the facts necessary in point of law, to sustain the action, and no more. - Thirdly. These circumstances must be stated with certainty and truth. The certainty necessary in a declaration is, to a certain intent in general, which should pervade the whole declaration, and is particularly required in setting forth: 1. The parties; it must be stated with certainty who are the parties to the suit, and therefore a declaration by or against 'C D and Company,' not being a corporation, is insufficient. 2. The time; in personal actions the declaration must, in general, state a time when every material or traversable fact happened; and when a venue is necessary, time must also, be mentioned. The precise time, however, is not material unless it constitutes a material part of the contract declared upon, or where the date, etc., of a written contract or record, is averred. 3. Other circumstances necessary to maintain the action. The parts and particular requisites of a declaration are: First. The Title of the court and term. Second. The Venue. Immediately after t歨e title of the declaration follows the statement in the margin of the venue, or county in which the facts are alleged to have occurred, and in which the cause is tried. See Venue. Third. The Commencement. What is termed the commencement of the declaration follows the venue in the margin, and precedes the more circumstantial statement of the cause of action. It contains a statement, 1st. Of the names of the parties to the suit, and if they sue or be sued in another right, or in a political capacity, (as executors, assignees, qui lam, etc.) of the character or right in respect of which they are parties to the suit. 2d. Of the mode in which the defendant has been brought into court; and, 3d. A brief recital of the form of action to be proceeded in. Fourth. The statement of the cause or action, in which all the requisites of certainty before mentioned must be observed, necessarily varies, according to the circumstances of each particular case, and the form of action, whether in assumpsit, debt, covenant, detinue, case, trover, replevin or trespass. Go to Declaration2 |
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