| 词汇 | Congress |
| 释义 | `1`Congress `2` "Legal Lexicon": CONGRESS - 1. An assembly of the deputies convened from different governments, to treat of peace or of other political affairs, is called a congress. 2. This name was anciently given in France, England and other countries, to the indecent intercourse between married persons in the presence of witnesses appointed by the courts, in cases when the husband or wife was charged by the other with impotence. 3. The name of the legislative body of the United States and is composed of two independent houses; the Senate and the House Of Representatives. U.S. Constitution, Art.1, s.1. The Senate is composed of two senators from each state serving for six years. They were originally chosen by each state's legislature, but after constitution amendment, are now elected by popular vote. Each senator has one vote. They theoretically represent the states rather than the people, as each state has its equal voice and equal weight in the Senate, without any regard to the disparity of population, wealth or dimensions. The Senate has, from the first formation of the government, been divided into three classes, with the rotation of the classes originally determined by lots. The seats of one class are vacated at the end of the second year and one-third of the Senate is chosen every second year. Art.1, s.3. This provision was borrowed from a similar one in some of the state constitutions. The qualifications the Constitution requires of a senator are that he should be thirty years of age, been nine years a citizen of the United States, and when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he shall be chosen. Art.1, s.3. The House Of Representatives is composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several states, who are qualified electors of the state in which they reside. No person can be a representative until he has attained the age of twenty-five years, has been seven years a citizen of the United States and is an inhabitant of the state in which he is chosen at the time of his election. Art.1, s.2. The Constitution, as amended, requires that the representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers of citizens, but each state shall have at least one representative.. Art.1, s.1. Each house is made the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members. Art.1, s.5. As each house acts in these cases in a judicial character, its decisions, like the decisions of any other court of justice, ought to be regulated by known principles of law and strictly adhered to for the sake of uniformity and certainty. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings; punish its members for disorderly behaviour; and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each house is bound to keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time, publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and on any question, to enter the yeas and nays on the journal, at the desire of one-fifth of the members present. Art.1, s.5. The members of both houses are in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same. Art.1, s.6. These privileges of the two houses are obviously necessary for their preservation and character, but even more important to the freedom of deliberation is that no member can be questioned in any other place for any speech or debate in either house. lb. Go to Congress2 |
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