| 词汇 | CORPORATION2 |
| 释义 | `1`CORPORATION2 `2` "Legal Lexicon": Private Corporations. In the popular meaning of the term nearly every corporation is public, inasmuch as they are created for the public benefit; but if the whole interest does not belong to the government, or if the corporation is not created for the administration of political or municipal power, the corporation is private. A bank, for instance, may be created by the government for its own uses; but if the stock is owned by private persons it is a private corporation, although it is created by the government and its operations partake of a private nature. The rule is the same in the case of canal, bridge, turnpike, insurance companies, and the like. Charitable or literary corporations, founded by private benefaction, are in point of law private corporations, though dedicated to public charity, or for the general promotion of learning. Private corporations are divided into ecclesiastical and lay. Ecclesiastical corporations in the United States are commonly called religious corporations they are created to enable religious societies to manage with more facility and advantage the temporalities belonging to the church or congregation. Lay corporations are divided into civil and eleemosynary. Civil corporations are created for an infinite variety of temporal purposes, such as affording facilities for obtaining loans of money; the making of canals, turnpike roads and the like. And also such as are established for the advancement of learning. Eleemosynary corporations are such as are instituted upon a principle of charity, their object being the perpetual distribution of the bounty of the founder of them to such persons as he has directed. Of this kind are hospitals for the relief of the impotent, indigent and sick or deaf and dumb. Corporations, considered in another point of view, are either sole or agregate. A sole corporation, as its name implies, consists of only one person to whom and his successors belongs that legal perpetuity, the enjoyment of which is denied to all natural persons. Those corporations are not common in the United States. In those states, however, where the religious establishment of the church of England was adopted when they were colonies, together with the common law on that subject, the minister of the parish was seised of the freehold, as persona ecclesiae, in the same manner as in England; and the right of his successors to the freehold being thus established was not destroyed by the abolition of the regal government, nor can it be divested even by an act of the state legislature. A sole corporation cannot take personal property in succession; its corporate capacity of taking property is confined altogether to real estate. An aggregate corporation consists of several persons who are united in one society, which is continued by a succession of members. Of this kind are the mayor or commonalty of a city; the heads and fellows of a college; the members of trading companies, and the like. --b-- There's related stuff in other Library areas like the Business Law Lounge, so explore. |
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